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Inocybe praetervisa
''Inocybe praetervisa'' is a small, yellow and brown mushroom in the Inocybaceae family, distinguished from other members of the genus by its unusual spores and bulb. The unusual spores led to the species being named the type species of the now-abandoned genus ''Astrosporina''; recent studies have shown that such a genus could not exist, as the species with the defining traits do not form a monophyletic group. However, it is a part of several clades within the genus ''Inocybe''. ''I. praetervisa'' grows on the ground in woodland, favouring beech trees, and can be found in Europe, North America and Asia. It is inedible and probably poisonous due to the presence of muscarine. The ingestion of muscarine can lead to SLUDGE syndrome, and could potentially lead to death due to respiratory failure.
==Taxonomy and naming==
''Inocybe praetervisa'' was first described by Lucien Quélet in the first volume of Giacomo Bresadola's 1883 publication ''Fungi tridentini''. The species was moved to the genus ''Astrosporina'' by Joseph Schröter in 1889, but this was rejected, and the name ''Astrosporina praetervisa'' is now considered an obligate synonym.〔"(''Inocybe praetervisa'' )". MycoBank. The International Mycological Association. Accessed 13 October 2010.〕 ''Astrosporina praetervisa'' was the type species of the no longer recognised genus.〔"(''Astrosporina'' )". MycoBank. The International Mycological Association. Accessed 23 October 2010.〕 The specific epithet ''praetervisa'' comes from the Latin word meaning "overlooked".
Within the genus ''Inocybe'', ''I. praetervisa'' has been placed in the subgenus ''Inocybe''. Mycologist Rolf Singer places the species in the section ''Marginatae''; mycologist Thom Kuyper considers ''Marginatae'' a supersection, and includes ''I. praetervisa'' along with ''I. abietis'', ''I. calospora'' and ''I. godeyi''. Phylogenetics has shown that, in addition to the large clade of subgenus ''Inocybe'', ''I. praetervisa'' forms a clade with ''I. calospora'', ''I. lanuginosa'' and ''I. leptophylla''. The species are similar in that all four have basidiospores with small nodules; it was this feature that defined the genus ''Astrosporina'', with then ''A. praetervisa'' as its type species. However, when phylogenetic analysis later concluded that nodulose-spored ''Inocybe'' species do not form a monophyletic group, the name ''Astrosporina'' was deemed inappropriate at a generic level. But it may be considered useful at a lower level to refer to the clade of the four ''Inocybe'' species. Of those four, ''I. praetervisa'' is most closely related to ''I. calospora'', with which it forms a smaller and closer clade. A different study also found the close relationship between ''I. praetervisa'' and ''I. calospora''; it also named ''I. teraturgus'' as a part of the clade containing ''I. praetervisa'', ''I. calospora'', ''I. lanuginosa'' and ''I. leptophylla''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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